Unit+3

Chapter 11
 * There sosiety was very unique they had millions of slaves and werent very industrialised like its neibhoring states to the north
 * they didnt like the north but they basically lived off each other because the south had the cotton and other good needed by the north and vice versa

CASH CROPS- Cotton was needed in bulk by many different people if it was people in britian or up north and because of this demand the south had 2wice as many slaves and had them do the work apossed to industrialising like the northern states. Textiles were very popular back in those times and still is today so these farmers who had slaves working threw the day had a quota to meet for each of the textile mils or just to fill a simple order.

The Expansion of Cotton, Slavery and Plantations in 19 Century America


The average size of a 19 century slave plantation was from 500 to 1000 acers and as you can see in the picture about that covers a majorrity of malden. Now the slave owners of the south took it as an oppurtunity to make alot of money once they realized that cotton was next in line behind tobacco for #1 good sold in the states and accros the ocean. Now the number of slaves in the south during the 19th century was rediculous right arounf the mid 1850s there were so many slaves that if you were to

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 * Americans during the 1800s were ready to reform and make changes,( in the eyees of the government) how ever slight they were they were introduced in a hope to make the country a little better. in 1820 slavery wasnt new and was heavily capitilized on in the south but in 1860 the difference in the number of slaves was astonishing. Most slaves were concentrated in charleston south carolina in 1820, but by 1860 slaves were concentrated on basically the whole southern region and slowly but surley expanding west to other states such as Arkansas and Illinios. Cotton producution was expanding from texas to northern florida and salvery was moving with it. In this map you can see clearly the significance of the Cotton/slavery expandsion over the western parts of the U.S

Chapter 12 Preview
- **//__Antibellum Culture and Reform__//** = Before war

Romantticism was largley starting to appear in america after the nations cultural leaders decided that they wanted to find a different kind of liberation. That is where romanticism comes in, weather it was art, literature or even philosophy. In the anti bellum era people would be intrested in beautiful paintings but it wasnt because it gave them new ideas or traditions from europe, it was because it gave the people a chance to be awed by paintings that gave them the overwhelming feeling of passion and romance

Temperance Movement

 * __Deffinition__** = The moderation or eliminating the consumtion of alchol.

The Drunkard's Progress - These 9 steps in this cartoon are referring to the actions of the men in the 19 century who drank often. In this cartoon it is showing you how the harmless steps of drinking eventually lead up to bad steps. succh as steps 1 threw 5 it says how they drink one with a friend, one to keep warm, ect. After the 5th step ( the summit attained jolly companions are confirmed drunkard ) the steps tunred bad. For example in steps 6-9 disease, for saken by friends, crime, death. These steps represent in simple terms how alcohol was affecting the men in the colonies. It also gives solid eveidence that backs up the claim of the women that the "drunkards" were the reason for most demerits in the town. The temperance movement was one of many movements that had an affect on the people. Many didnt want changed such as the drunkards affects by the temperance movement but others prayed for it suh as the free blacks. DIFFERENT MOVEMENTS There is alway a decsion about how much and how soon we never look at ways to be bettter in the genral aspect instead of planning it out to make a well thought out plan, you have to be stratigic and not rush because if you do you might over look somthing or just end up not getting what you want or how much you wa
 * Abolition movement
 * feminism movement
 * visions of a utopia
 * social movements
 * civil reforms

//CHAPTER 13 MAPS//

//p 340 - Expanding Settlement, 1810- 1850//
 * //Before 1810 almost all white settlement in America was on the east coast because thats were they established land.//
 * 1810-1830 White americans expanded westward towards which is now California
 * 1830-1850 Further expansion of white settlers who were looking for new lands to start crops or start buisness

p 345 - Western Trails in 1860
 * This map shows the very scarce population of the Indians in the 1800's
 * The trails on this map could be the trails used for either slaves to escape from the south across Texas or for the revolution.
 * This map also shows how fast the expansion to the western regions were happening

p349 - The Mexican War 1846-1848
 * Shows Mexico and different battle plans and strategies of the Americans and the people settled in Mexico
 * This map also shows the battles of the two and how it stretched all over the country of mexico and into western parts of california \


 * //__Backround Causes of the Civil War__//**
 * 1.) Tensions over abolition of slavery in the south.
 * 2.) Missouri comprimise of 1820
 * 3.) Comprimise of 1850
 * 4.) Dread Scott
 * 5.) John Brown's Raid
 * 6.) Abraham Lincons election
 * 7.) Secession of Southern states
 * 8.) Fort Sumtnor

population then the confederates. then the confederates because the north had agriculture and industry to finance their and the south had to rely on trade with different countries. machinary faster across the south then the south could beccuase thay had more railroad territory. and helped the war effort. || * The South had few advantages but one of the advantages they had were they had good experienced military leaders. to fight close to home in which made them believe that they were fighting not just over land but for their wife and children ||
 * //__Advantages of The North and of The South__//**
 * North || South ||
 * * The north had a much bigger
 * The North also had more money
 * The north also could transport troops or
 * The north had alot more farm land that supplied]
 * They also had home field advantage over the north
 * The Confederates had an advantage in which they had

__//Key Econmomic Meassures Taken by The North//__
 * National Bank Acts of 1863 - 1864 reformed or created banks to invenst a 3rd of their revenue to help support the war this system helped secure moeny from smaller banks for the war
 * The governtment was trying to finance the war by **levying taxes**, **Issuing paper currency** and **Borrowing money**.
 * By far the largests source of financing for the war was loans and bonds.
 * Created this green back currency to try distribute more money

11: Civil War > b) Military strategies and foreign diplomacy > c) emancipation and the role of African Americans in the war > d) Social, political, and economic effects of war in the North, South, and West > > 12: Reconstruction > a) Presidential and Radical Reconstruction > b) Southern state governments: aspirations, achievements, failures > c) Role of African Americans in politics, education, and the economy > d) Compromise of 1877 > e) Impact of Reconstruction > > 11.) 2 Societies
 * a) Two societies at war: mobilization, resources, and internal dissent
 * Mobilization of the north developed quickly because of the massive amount of milage the north had covered with their railroads.
 * The North Distributed food, guns, solidiers, and many other good that troops need in the war efffort.
 * Forced to be mobile because of the Confederate home field advantage


 * Perspectives on Reconstruction
 * Lincoln- Lincoln was one of America’s best presidents and he did not encourage war but he embraced it as one of the only methods to save the union. He let the people know that the war was not something to take lightly, he understood that his country was splitting in 2 but Lincoln understood his responsibility as president and stood up to the confederacy.


 * Ulysses Grant- A Union member and outstanding military leader, Grant was the chief of the union army and president Lincoln supported him tremendously. In February 1862 he took the first union victory at fort Denison. Grant was a fearless man for example, when the confederate military personal asked for terms and Grant simply said “no terms, just an immediate surrender can be accepted”


 * Robert Lee- Was a strong confederate military leader who not only had military power but also political power. Robert Lee being party of the whig party didn’t really mean much considering that Lee was a follower of the constitution, didn’t care for slavery, and was a fan of the union. Although he was not fully committed to the confederacy every time that Lee had a plan Commander Grant was very prompt in keeping a close eye on it.


 * Andrew Johnson- The president after Lincoln wasn’t a great leader but took over the Lincoln reconstructive plans.


 * Republican party- 10 % plan- was about moving forward and getting the civil war behind us because Lincoln wanted to bring the country back together as a whole making sure confederates stay. Reconstruction would probably be a lot quicker and easier with help from a united government.

**//﻿Was The Civil War Worth it ?//**

**//The Civil war was a very costly war, to both sides Union and Confederate. Not only did they __spend alot of money on supplies, transportation, and weapons__ they also lost the lives of thousands of there men. Yeah the civil war ended slavery ( for how ever briefe a time ) but it also put a big burden on the country. The south battled over slavees and beecause of that their cities and towns were destroyed in the mist of all the fighting with the Union. So Thats why the American govt didnt want to rebuild the south because there __money was already short duee to war efforts__. Positive things that came out of this war was that __America was now United, Slavery abolished, and the Union had control over the govt. 360,000 Union soliders died in battle for a region of a country that they eventually would not run do yu think it was worth it?__//**
 * // Opinions - //**
 * Alan - Was worht it but it didnt work to its full potiential by not completely abloishing slavery.**
 * Shane- Was worth it because there was alot of lives lost but alot more freedom gained. // ﻿ //**



INDUSTRIAL SUPREMECY : Horizontal and vertical intergration means to either merge with another party or company vertical is when they take over and run their company independantly. Buisnesses deveopled to industires very fast due to these buisness ethics. The govt stepped in and kept these large buisnesses from taking out small buisnesses completly by allowing these buisnesses to have a chance.


 * Henry Ford
 * The automobile were one of the most important technilogical advances this country had eever seen. Now Charles and Frank Duryea were the first to build an automobile with the engine design from german native Nicolaus August, their car was introduced to america in 1903. Not to long after that Henry Ford introduced the first of his soon to be known, "famous cars". He was the first to beegin mass production on a much larger scale. The assembly line that he had created split up the labor so that differnt people or machines had a specific job and once it went all the way down the line it would be complete. This lowered prices on ford Cars tremendously, the average price for a car in 1914 was around $950 and by 1919 -1920 the price was down to $250. So that tells you a little about Henry Ford he wanted to make things more effecient less expensive and alot better then anyone else. He was born july 30th 1863 in michingan, he died in his hometown at the age of 84.
 * The development of cars made a big impact on the cultral life of americans along with the landscape of their land. In 1895 american highways consisted of maybe 4 cars but about 20 years later there were around 5 million.